Diseases List

In the process of breathing air passing through the nasal passages, purified from bacteria, moistened, heated, enters the throat, larynx, and then to the windpipe, or trachea.
The length of the trachea about 15 cm. Each bronchus enters the lung, branching into smaller bronchi, which, in turn, branching into bronchioles thickness of 0,5 mm. Such bronchioles are about 25 million and each of them ends with a group of air passages Hanks, or alveoles.

Lungs are covered with the thinnest shell – the pleura. It covers all the light, goes to the chest and firmly adheres to its inner surface. Thus, the two pleura covers the leaves both lung and the inner wall of the chest. Between these sheets is a pleural gap.
Alveoli are densely criss-crossing the capillaries. The walls of the alveoli are very thin: they consist of only one cell layer. Consequently, being in the alveoli and the air flowing through the blood capillaries are separated by only two layers of cells. Through the thin wall and the gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air in the alveoli, goes to the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood and passes into the alveolar air.
Mild themselves never dilation Gibe and do not cancel, they passively follow the rib cage. Thoracic cavity expands due to reduction of the respiratory muscles, which primarily include the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Diaphragm when inhaling drops to 2-4 cm when the intercostal muscles contract, they raise the ribs, which are somewhat vorachivayutsya around its axis, and thoracic cavity are also expanding.

Distinguish chest, abdomen, and mixed types of respiration. This is determined by the direction of expansion of the chest during inspiration. If breast or female type of chest expands in the anterior-posterior and lateral directions, with abdominal or male – to the side of the abdominal cavity, with mixed – in all directions.
The frequency of respiratory movements in the adult, on average 16-20 per minute. Newborn respiratory rate 60-70 per minute to 5 years, it decreases to 26, to 15-20 years – up to 20. With fever, as well as during operation, the movement rate of respiration increases. The respiration rate depends on the capacity or vital capacity – maximal expiratory volume, made after a maximum inhalation.

To determine the frequency of breathing should put your hand on your stomach or your chest and count the number of breaths per minute. This can be done visually by observing the movements of the chest. With different diseases may arise respiratory disorders characterized by violation of the frequency, rhythm and depth. Shortness of breath comes with a decrease in the respiratory surface of lungs Ipnevmoniya, tuberculosis, tumors), the stagnation of blood in the lungs due to heart failure, and as a result of anemia, fever, etc.
A rare breath occurs when an obstacle in the upper respiratory tract toxicity and inhibition of respiratory function to the center of the brain.

Shortness of breath – a disorder rhythm frequency and depth of breathing. Shortness of breath is not always oschu schaetsya sick, but usually accompanies by a painful feeling of lack of air, m connection with which the patient is breathing more and more deeply.
Suffocation is called fast-growing, very strong shortness of breath, when the patient is close to suffocation or strangulation, after interaction lack of oxygen.
Asthma – is asthma or shortness of breath pulmonary or cardiac origin. Hence the name – bronchial asthma and cardiac asthma